Queer Theory, Marxist Criticism

 

Hello Readers!

Hello Readers!

Welcome to my blog I'm going to write about Queer Theory and Marxist Criticism this task is given by Dr. Dilip Barad. 

👉 Queer Theory 

Queer Theory is field of critical theory that emerged in early 1990s. Feminist challenges to the idea that gender is part of essential self and upon gay and lesbian studies close examination of the society constructed nature of sexual act and identities. Feminism was contrast between sex and gender - Queer Theory offers the view that all identities are social construction. 

👉What is Queer Theory 

An approach to literary and cultural studies that rejected traditional categories of gender and sexuality critical theory that emerged in 1990s. It is not only sexual desire but it is  emotional desire. Queer Theory does not concern itself exclusively with homosexuality - it is about all forms of identity. 

👉What lesbian/gay critic do?

1. Identify lesbian/gay episodes in mainstream work and discuss them as such (for example, the relationship between Jane and Helen in Jane Eyre), rather than reading same-sex pairings in non-specific ways, for instance, as symbolising two aspects of the same character (Zimmerman). 

2 . Set up an extended, metaphorical sense of 'lesbian/gay' so that it connotes a moment of crossing a boundary, or blurring a set of categories. All such 'liminal' moments mirror the moment of selfidentification as lesbian or gay, which is necessarily an act of conscious resistance to established norms and boundaries.

👉Examples

Manvendrasingh Gohil

• Manvendrasingh is Indian prince from Rajpipla
• Th 42 years old is only person of Royal lineage who has openly proclaimed to being a gay.
• He runs charity works with the LGBT community

👉Dostana Movie

• Dostana was the first mainstream comorcial movie that shows homosexuality as the theme of the story.
• It was a stereotypes and everything given a comic angle.
• Kirron kher accepting her son dating another man was step forward towards acceptance.

• 👉 Dickson Experimental Sound film. 

https://youtu.be/Y6b0wpBTR1s

1894, a poorly shot 17 second experimental film shows two men dancing, holding each other “awkwardly”. This was the first ever depiction of homosexuality that ran a stride of uncomfortability in the audience. The film was called Dickson Experimental Sound Film commonly labeled online as The Gay Brothers. It was shot to check the mixing of sound in moving images by William Dickson. The experiment did not work but the footage somehow became a benchmark.

Nineteenth century and in the mid 1930s and 40s, Hollywood saw its queer characters as nothing but flamboyant, laughing stocks who were just there to establish a twitchy note within the films. Conventional sexual behaviour between the same sexes was not accepted on the silver screen and was only used to typify homosexuality as a mental illness. “Sissy” looking man or the “hardboiled” woman in a film came only to enrich the negativity as perceived by the white Christian middle class culture.

👉 Meghadhanushya (The Color of Life)

https://youtu.be/DbkTKRm942c 

Meghadhanushya ( The Color of Life)Released in 2013, this is the first Gujarati film on homosexuality and was directed by former Ayurveda practitioner K R Devamani. It is partly narrated by Prince Manvendra Singh Gohil,   who is widely known for being the son and probable heir of the Maharaja of Rajpipla in Gujarat. In an interview with a Gujarati news channel, Gohil explained how the film is a bold attempt to subvert misconceptions about homosexuality and show the discrimination and stigma that is faced by the gay community.

Marxist Criticism 

Marxist criticism, in its diverse forms, grounds its theory and practice on the economic and cultural theory of Karl Marx (1818–83) and his fellow-thinker Friedrich Engels (1820–95), and especially on the following claims: 

 In the Marxist literary analysis, the evolving history of humankind, of its social groupings and interrelations, of its institutions, and of its ways of thinking are largely determined by the changing mode of its “material production”— that is, of its overall economic organization for producing and distributing material goods. 

What Marxist critics do

1. They make a division between the 'overt' (manifest or surface) and 'covert' (latent or hidden) content of a literary work (much as psychoanalytic critics do) and then relate the covert subject matter of the literary work to basic Marxist themes, such as class struggle, or the progression of society through various historical stages, such as, the transition from feudalism to industrial capitalism. Thus, the conflicts in King Lear might be read as being 'really' about the conflict of class interest between the rising class (the bourgeoisie) and the falling class (the feudal overlords). 

2. Another method used by Marxist critics is to relate the context of a work to the social-class status of the author. In such cases an assumption is made (which again is similar to those made by psychoanalytic critics) that the author is unaware of precisely what he or she is saying or revealing in the text. 

3. A third Marxist method is to explain the nature of a whole literary genre in terms of the social period which 'produced' it. For instance, The Rise of the Novel, by Ian Watt, relates the growth of the novel in the eighteenth century to the expansion of the middle classes during that period. The novel 'speaks' for this social class, just as, for instance, Tragedy 'speaks for' the monarchy and the nobility, and the Ballad 'speaks for' for the rural and semi-urban 'working class'. 

4. A fourth Marxist practice is to relate the literary work to the social assumptions of the time in which it is 'consumed', a strategy which is used particularly in the later variant of Marxist criticism known as cultural materialism.

👉Modern Times (Charlie Chaplin, 1936)

A classic movie by Charlie Chaplin is a Marxist film? Chaplin was always sensitive to social problems. England has always been the land of socialist battles. Highgate cemetery is a sufficient proof of how deeply related England is to Marx’s life.

This film could be seen as a social accusation toward industrialization . If one wants to better understand what proletariat alienation is, this is the film to see. This movie is based on a simple concept which it explains well through stereotypical and ironic characters.

A society that works in a crazy context cannot be fit for man, who continuously searches to be free. If it is only a critical film more than constructive one, it reflects a particular aspect of industrial proletariat problems, a very old problem that is a socialist vindication but at the same time, is the basis of Marx’s philosophy.

👉Avatar

Avatar was described by Yong Tang as a ‘Marxist Saga on a Far Distant Planet’ It is one of the only films to show how Marxist ideas in a film can be reflected literally in real society.

In January 2010 the Chinese Government banned Avatar despite its popularity. People have speculated that this is because the film shows the rise of socialism and how it can overcome capitalist nature, this is shown within the film as the Na’vi fight against the Human population and is speculated that people may think they can rise up against the current regime and have a similar situation as in Avatar appear in China. This may sound extreme but it has happened. In 2010 Palestinian Activists in the West Bank dressed up as Avatars and protested against the Israeli population of the area, and the barrier built across their land. Even while they were dressed up the Israelis gassed the protesters while they were demonstrating near the border.

👉The Story

Avatar itself actually shows an invasion of a planet, as the Humans are aliens they are robbing the planet of its natural resource. They do this with massive military power and have huge amounts of machinery and equipment. As the Humans mine the materials we see the pure size of the human occupation and this is pure capitalist pressure as the Na’vi are peace lovers who live in their own little colonies.

But Avatar is a great example of how socialism can rise up and be massively powerful. This and this happens when the Humans push the Na’vi over the edge when they destroy the Na’vi home.

The scene showing the destruction of the Home tree shows how helpless the Na’vi are from the power of the Humans. They have no way of fighting back and they have to allow the Home tree to get destroyed. But as in all good Marxist movies the Na’vi rise up and fight back against the Humans and eventually force them back, and destroy everything that they have achieved on the planet, and they get their planet back.

 Citation 

• Bdaloni, L. (2019, September 16). The 10 best movies influenced by Marxist philosophy. Taste of Cinema - Movie Reviews and Classic Movie Lists. Retrieved September 16, 2021, from http://www.tasteofcinema.com/2015/the-10-best-movies-influenced-by-marxist-philosophy/.

•      Google. (n.d.). Marxist criticism. Google Docs. Retrieved September 16, 2021, from https://docs.google.com/document/d/1dDC7Wm9xrg0zXBiS22ftDGZXtvr8oBvAccJWWyUoYCk/edit?usp=sharing. 

•  Google. (n.d.). Queer theory.      Google Docs. Retrieved September 16, 2021, from https://docs.google.com/document/d/1PHuDoHUT5Ayb4BhqqHeAoYh-6UzJtKl1yytaEUBaV6E/edit?usp=sharing. 

Feminist Criticism

Hello Readers!

welcome to my blog I'm going to write about feminist Criticism this task given by Dr. Dilip Barad head of Department of English M.K.Bhavnager University. 

👉 Feminist Criticism 

As a distinctive and concerted approach to literature, feminist criticism was not inaugurated until late in the 1960s. Behind it, however, lie two centuries of struggle for the recognition of women’s cultural roles and achievements, and for women’s social and political rights, marked by such books as Mary Wollstonecraft’s A Vindication of the Rights of Woman (1792), John Stuart Mill’s The Subjection of Women (1869), and the American Margaret Fuller’s Woman in the Nineteenth Century (1845). 

Much of feminist literary criticism continues in our time to be interrelated with the movement by political feminists for social, legal, and cultural freedom and equality. An important precursor in feminist criticism was Virginia Woolf, who, in addition to her fiction, wrote A Room of One’s Own (1929) and numerous other essays on women authors and on the cultural, economic, and educational disabilities within what she called a “patriarchal” society, dominated by men, that have hindered or prevented women from realizing their productive and creative possibilities. 

What Feminist critics do?

1. Rethink the canon, aiming at the rediscovery of texts written by women. 

2. Revalue women's experience. 

3. Examine representations of women in literature by men and women. 

4. Challenge representations of women as 'Other', as 'lack', as part of 'nature'. 

Representations of women in Cinema 

Changing times have brought into the limelight several successes directed by women—Gully Boy by Zoya Akhtar, Deepa Mehta’s Fire and Earth, and the popular film English Vinglish by Gauri Shinde, are a few of the many pieces that are slowly bringing in a much-needed change to the industry, through representation of women from all walks of life. 

 👉Pink Movie 

https://youtu.be/AL2TShb6fFs

Pink, starring Tapsee Pannu and Amitabh Bachchan, was a progressive and empowering film that dealt with the topic of the consent of women.

Regarding the title of the film, Shoojit Sircar, in one of his interviews said that the title is meant to destigmatise ‘pink’ as a feminine colour and the various associations that are made with it. But, during the entire course of the film, not even for once, this association has been substantiated and most people are reading it as, “film about women and 'Women empowerment', hence pink.”

Tapsee Pannu (Meenal) stands out in her role as a determined woman who is not ready to back out and is ready to take up challenges. Kirti Kulkhari’s character of Falak is shown as the most collective of all, who, (and we loved her for this) brought in the importance of consent even when it is a sex worker we are talking about. Andrea Tairang (Andrea) does justice to her role with an impactful presence and enforces the idea of the shallow mindsets of most people who think that women from North-East are an “easy-target.”

👉 Queen Movie 

https://youtu.be/4gtc5P5KZxA 

 Kangana Ranaut with Queen and Vidya Balan with Kahaani are synonymous with strong female leads in movies.

In 2014, the cast and crew of the film ‘Queen’ won both critical acclaim and the masses' hearts. This was a rare occasion in India where a story which doesn’t involve the boy and girl getting together was considered a happy ending by the audience, and everyone was left cheering and applauding the performances and the overall experience of the film. Queen undoubtedly made a strong statement with the central plot of a girl moving on after being left at the altar and finding herself. But even beyond the essence of the film was a multi-layered message of beautifully portrayed feminist ideals. This was, arguably, the most feminist film in Bollywood post the 2000’s and definitely a lesson in Feminism 101, and here’s why.

👉Mission Mangal Movie 

Although great strides have been recently taken to portray relatable women from different walks of life, they are accompanied by certain caveats. Mission Mangal showcased the hard work and dedication of the women scientists of ISRO to make India’s Mars mission successful. Despite having a stellar female cast, the movie was promoted with Akshay Kumar in a lead role, which speaks a lot about the audience’s attitude towards women-centric films. Patriarchy is deeply ingrained in the very roots of Indian society and its mindset, which in turn is reflected in its films. Cinema is mostly seen as a form of escapism and hence caters to the larger male audience. Cinema is business-driven and filmmakers don’t want to stray away from the established stereotypes to give pathbreaking roles to women. It, thus, also falls on the viewers to break this vicious cycle of supply and demand by making progressive movies successful.

In its eighty-year history, Bollywood has seen female leads take on many forms—from the sacrificing mother or a pleading damsel in distress to a woman in charge of her own destiny. The change is slow and much delayed, but the representation of empowered women onscreen is steadily increasing. 

Screening of Short Film : An Astrologer’s Day based on R. K. Narayan 's 'An Astrologer’s Day

Hello Readers !

Welcome to my blog. I am going to write about the very interesting short story An Astrologer’s Day by R. K. Narayan and movie adaptation of the short story. How the movie adaptation is helpful to understand short story. This task was given by Vaidehi ma'am. 

R. K. Narayan : An Astrologer’s Day 

R.K. Narayan, in full Rasipuram Krishnaswami Narayan, original name Rasipuram Krishnaswami Narayanswami, (born October 10, 1906, Madras [Chennai], India—died May 13, 2001, Madras), one of the finest Indian authors of his generation Writing in English.

‘An Astrologer’s Day’ by R. K. Narayan is a story deals with a day’s events in the life of a good for nothing fellow turned into an astrologer to earn his bread and butter. A single day brings in his drastic past back before him but being a smart fellow, he finely deals with it.

Important Scenes – The encounter with Guru Nayak, The conversation with wife, The market scene

• The conversation with wife 

I feel happy to know about the end  of the astrologer's mental burden of his life through their conversation.  The astrologer felt guilty for murdering Guru Nayak. Due to the fear, he had even left his village and settled his life in Malgudi. But, he found Guru Nayak alive. He realised that he wasn't the murderer. He even advised him not to return to the south. The astrologer finally got rid of his terrible burden. 

Next I feel a little upset to know about their pitiable economic status. To get twelve and a half annas, the astrologer's wife planned to buy Jaggeru and coconut to prepare sweet for their daughter.  Their daughter was demanding sweets for a long time. This shows the obligation of the family where a single daughters simple wish remained pending for a long time due to the lack of money. 

• The encounter with Guru Nayak 

The meeting with Guru Nayak and the astrologer seems quite ironic. Here, we find Guri Nayak asking astrologer about the culprit who once had stabbed him with a knife on his chest. He doesn't know the culprit himself is the astrologer. Due to the darkness and the astrologer's get up, Guru Nayak is unable to recognize him. The life long burden for the astrologer is the murder of Guru Nayak. He feels quite surprised to find Guru Nayak alive. The information of the culprit to find 

👉How faithful is the movie to the original short story?

The Movie Adaptation of An Astrologer’s Day is very helpful to understand the Shortstory. It portrayed the subject of a story well. But here we can see some changes in the adaptation. The character of the daughter of that astrologer is completely missing in the original short story. It was added by the director in the movie adaptation. If we look at the story, some situations were changed in the movie adaptation. Because movie captures importance scenes movie is short then the story. We watched movie in one sitting and understood the concept of the movie so movie adaptation is helpful to understood concept of the short story.

👉After watching the movie, have your perception about the short story, characters or situations changed?

After watching movie we can find that there are many changes was made by director.It portrayed the subject of the story well But here we can see some changes in the adaptation. The character of the daughter of that astrologer is completely missing in the original short story. It was added by the director in the movie adaptation. If we look at the story, some situations were changed in the movie adaptation.

👉Do you feel ‘aesthetic delight’ while watching the movie? If yes, exactly when did it happen? If no, can you explain with reasons?

In the story, the astrologer has a great listening power. Listening helps in developing good relations with people. Listening, as differentiated from hearing, is about consciously understanding and applying one’s mind to what is heard. As the story illustrates, being a good listener helps one to fare better in any activity that one takes up. The astrologer isn’t knowledgeable of his work but still manages to convince his customers and make his living, owing to his great listening skills. He establishes a rapport with his clients by just listening to them for a few minutes without uttering a word, while analysing their troubles and simultaneously composing his talk and answers to the clients. This helps him to mask his own shortcomings and succeed in his work, where he would otherwise not have. Hence, great listening power is a strong skillset we all should develop.

Future of Postcolonial Studies: Globalization and Environmentalism

Hello Readers!

Welcome to my blog.  Now I'm going to write about the Future of Postcolonial Studies. Globalization and Environmentalism. In which we have to task about read both articles and after that summarize articles and include important Quote and give examples.  For reading Articles You can click here  Future of Postcolonial Studies. Globalization and Environmentalism.

 Q-1 : Summarize both Articles and includes importance quotes from bith articles. 

Ans:

Summary of Article one 'Globalization and The Future of Postcolonial Studies'.

Since the event of 11 September 2001, the attack on WTC TOWERS and  US invasion of Afghanistan and Irag. At the same time these violent event are also  part of the phenomenon. We think of as globalization. Globalization, they argue cannot be analysed using concepts like margins and centers so central to postcolonial studies. Hardt and Negri do not identify the United States ad this new power, although they do argu that 'Empire is born through the global expansion of the internal US constitutional project', a project which to include and incorporate minorities into the mainstream rather than simply expel or exclude them.

Michael Hardt and Antonio Negri's Empire  : 

"argues that the contemporary global order has produced a new form of sovereignty which should be called 'Empire' but which is best understood in 'contrast' to European empires."

This best defines the new Empire in contrast to European imperialism: 

"In contrast to imperialism, Empire establishes no territorial center of power and does not rely on fixed boundaries or barriers. It is a decentered and deterritorializing apparatus of rule that progressively incorporates the entire global realm within its open, expanding frontiers."

Susie O'Brien and Imre Szeman believe that characterizing US political and cultural power as a global dominant detracts From a more thorough examination of sites and modalities of power in the global era. The colonized of today are given little place in the book's sprawling thesis about multitudes, biolpolitical control, and the Creation of alternative values. Globalization neo-liberal advocates who argue that the global mobility of capital, industries, workers, goods and consumers dissolves earlier hierarchies and inequities, democratises nations and the relations between nations and creatures new opportunities which percolate down in some from or another to every section of society. 

There is no doubt that globalization has made information and technology more widely available, and has brought economic prosperity to certain new sections of the world. Globalization is just another name for submissions and domination', Nicanord apaza, 46, an unemployed miner.

North Korea and India 's nuclear programmes are developed in defiance of the US, anf challenge the right of few powerful  nations to dictate to the rest of the world, but nuclear proliferation can hardly be seen as progressive in any way.

The resistance to globalization, moreover, often takes very local shape and involves struggles against national authorities, as in the case of Narmada Bachao Andolan in India, which has been protesting the Narmada Valley Development project to build scores of large dams across central India. New imperialism directly implicates education institutions. Nail Ferguson suggests that the US must learn from Britain and send its best and brightest students ftom its leading universities on the imperial mission. Western civilization is the primary source of the world's ills even though it gave us the ideals of democracy, human rights, individual liberty and mutual tolerance. 

The core premise of postcolonial theory is that it is immoral for a scholar to put his knowledge of foreign languages and cultures at the service of American power.

Summary of Article 2 The Future of Postcolonial Studies. 

 The second edition of this book  came out a decade ago, some of the best known practitioners of postcolonial studies, Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak, claim they 'no longer have a postcolonial perspective. Ramachandra Guha and Juan Martinez-Alier (1997) point out , is evident in American environmentalism and its obsession with the wilderness. Nixon suggests such 'spatial amnesia' is one reason why postcolonial criticism has been suspicious of  earth-first 'green criticism ' and therefore has not engaged with questions  relating to the environment.  Of late postcolonialists must take a new direction towards the environment, the history and present of indigenous peoples and societies. Premodern histories and cultures ongoing colonization of territories , labour and peoples by global capitalism. 

Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak said that postcolonial studies is gone and dead : 

" I know longer have a postcolonial perspective. I think postcolonial is the day before yesterday."

 Vandna Shiva , environmental activist observed in staying Alive : Women ecology and survival in India there is deep connection between colonialism and the deconstruction of  environmental diversity. The growth of capitalism, and now of trans-national corporations, exacerbated the dynamic begun under colonialism which has destroyed sustainable local cultures.

Rob Nixon in Environmentalism and postcolonialism argue that He writes about American environmentalism and its obsession with the wilderness. This wilderness obsession is celebrated at the cost of erasure of history of colonized peoples through myths of  empty lands. They remain amnesiac towards non- America geographies.

The Displacement of indigenous communities and the theft of their land are also defining features of many spaces that have been privileged in postcolonial studies is Nigeria - whose oil-rich homelands were targeted for drilling by multinational companies leading to the displacement of Ogoni people and wide-scale environmental destruction India - 

the Narmada Bachao Andolan (NBA) led widespread protests against the project fundedgby multinational as well as indigenous capital. the protests highlighted not just ecological damage but the displacement of thousands of tribal peoples all across the Narmada valley Central India - plunder of forests by iron and bauxite mining companies - resistance led by Maoist guerrillas.

EXAMPLE : 

Ania Loomba has also discussed some recent scholarship and political movements that show why the colonial past and the globalised present are deeply interconnected.

Tatvamasi is Gujarati book written by author Dhruv Bhatt. This book is become so popular that Gujarati movie Reva has been made from it. The story is based upon parikrama of Narmada river by an NRI Indian.

When the book was written at that time the NBD took a place. Dhruv Bhatt in his novel keeps silent about Narmada Bachao Andolan. It is one kind of escape from contemporary movement. Reva is Movie adaptation of the Novel Tatvamasi.

 

Citation 

Loomba, A. (n.d.). Colonialism/ postcolonialism . http://armytage.net/pdsdata/%5BAnia_Loomba%5D_Colonialism_Postcolonialism_(The_New(Book4You).pdf.

Midnight Children : Film Adaptation

Hello Readers !

Welcome to my blog. Now I am going to write about the very interesting Novel Midnight’s Children written by Salman Rushdie and the movie adaptation of Midnight’s Children by Deepa Mehta. After watching movie we have task to write on Narrative technique in film adaptation , characters,How the movie adaptation captured themes and symbols and the texture of the Novel. Let's we discuss on it.

Salman Rushdie's Novels on Film 

Readers of Salman Rushdie’s novels know that he has been a prolific writer over the last few decades. Not only have his books received heaps of international critical acclaim, but they have also been loved by readers across the globe. So here’s where we have to tell you that the title of this article is a bit of a misnomer: only one of Rushdie’s novels has ever been adapted for the silver screen. In all these years, Rushdie’s works simply have not been remade as feature films. And it took more than 30 years for his novel, Midnight’s Children (1981), to reach the cinema. When we learned that Midnight’s Children was to become a film directed by Deepa Mehta, we were excited! But at the same time, we wondered: how might anyone turn a novel so immersed in the magical realism tradition into a work of cinema?

1. Narrative technique (changes made in film adaptation. For e.g. absence of padma,the nati,the listener,the commenter- what is your Interpolations.

Important concepts in Genette's narratology. 

This outline of Genette's narratology derived from Narrative Discourse: An Essay in Method. This book forms part of his multi-volume work Figures I-III. The examples used in it are mainly drawn from Proust's epic In Search of Lost Time. One criticism which had been used against previous forms of narratology was that they could deal only with simple stories, such as Vladimir Propp's work in Morphology of the Folk Tale. If narratology could cope with Proust, this could no longer be said.

He gave the five point of narratology 1.Order 

 2. Frequency

 3. Duration 

4.mood and 

5. Voice. 

Voice :

Voice is concerned with who narrates, and from where. This can be split four ways.

Is the narrator character in the story .

Hetero-diegetic: the narrator is not a character in the story.

Homo-diegetic: the narrator is a character in the story. In the story we can the see that the narrator Saleem himself character in the story.

There are major differences to be sure ,between the novel and film versions of Midnight’s Children. Most notably,many of the magical realism elements disappeared as the book made its way to the screen. In an interview with Indian journalism out let news laundry. Rushdie discusses the ways in which he and deepa mehta dealt with musical realism onscreen. And the characters of padma,Nati and listener are in the novel but not included in the movie. In the novel padma listen the story of Saleem but in the movie padma not included only listener or audience listen the story of Saleem. 

2. Characters (how many included ,how many left out why? What is your Interpolations?

Midnight’s Children was very famous novel written by Salman Rushdie. There are many major and minor characters in the novel. In movie Midnight’s Children directed by Deepa Mehta we can see that there are many character included and many character left out. 

The movie began with Aadam Aziz who is the well-known doctor he treats his patient Naseem. They both married. Their daughter Mumtaz secretly married with Nadir khan. After that she married with Ahmed and her name was changed Anima Sina. They both live in Bombay at the houseof Englishman WilliamMetho. Anima given the borth two child one is Salem and Jasmine. 

The two servants entertain to English Man.

Wee willy winkly is my name to sing for my supper is my theme 

I hope you are comfortable or confortee. Winkly's wife gave the birth one child shiva.

Mary Pereira and her husband included in the movie cause of that Mary play a vital role she interchanges two child Saleem and Shiva. Two babies in her hand two lives in her power she did it for Joe. Her own private revolutionary act love me joe was in Mary's mind and then was it done.

Rich be poor and the poor rich.

Another character is Parvati the Midnight’s Children. She has magical power. She has pregnant by shiva and she married with Saleem. The Uncle zulfi and aunt emerald also included in rhe movie. Some character is left out in the movie for e.g. Padma Saleem told his story to padma but padma was not in the movie. The nati and the listener. 

3. Themes and symbols ( If film adaptation able to capture themes and symbols?

Themes are the fundamental ideas of the novel. In the novel we can see many themes and symbols. Rushdie establishes a strong connection between the history of India and the life of Saleem, his protagonist as if the two were Siamese twins? Right from the moment of his birth, Saleem is described as' being "mysteriously hand-cuffed to history, my destinies indissolubly chained to those of my country. For the next three decades, there was no escape." Thus, Rushdie sets the scene for us to believe a strange tale, if true, that Saleem Sinai by being born in Bombay on 15th August 1947 at the stroke of midnight, becomes the first child born in independent India, and that his story is the history of free India.  In the movie adaptation we can see that the many historical elements. 

June 12, 1975 will be remembered as a historic date at 2.15 this afternoon the prime Minister was found guilty of electoral malpractice from a specifically built podium mrs gandhi told the crowd that she was victim of hate camping the world emergency was heard for the first time. 

Symbol : Nose

Saleem Sinai’s large, bulbous nose is a symbol of his power as the leader of the Midnight Children’s Conference, which is comprised of all children born on the moment of India’s independence from British rule. 

His nose makes his power of telepathy possible, and this is how he communicates with the other children of midnight who all have varied powers of their own Saleem inherits his rather large, and perpetually congested, nose from his grandfather, Aadam Aziz, who also uses his nose to sniff out trouble.

 Saleem’s nasal powers begin after an accident in his mother’s washing-chest, in which he sniffs a rogue pajama string up his nose, resulting in a deafening sneeze and the instant arrival of the voices in his head. Saleem’s power of telepathy remains until a sinus surgery clears out his nose “goo.” After his surgery, Saleem is unable to further commune with the other children. Ironically, 

after Saleem’s nasal congestion is gone, he gains the ability to smell emotions, and he spends much time categorizing all the smells he frequently encounters.

4. The texture of the novel (what is the texture of the novel? Well i is the interconnectedness of narrative technique with the theme. It is well captured?

5. What is your aesthetic experience after watching the screening?

Yes there many aesthetic experience after watching the movie screening.  The movie is really interesting. It's included many historical elements. And many magical in incidents was interesting. Saleem was first child wgo born 15th August 1947 at midnight. Many children born in Midnight’s so they all have got a magical  power. Saleem has power of telepathy he listened voice voice are speaking inside to his head . He really thinks that archangel  have started to talk with him. After accidents he got a powe to smell everything so it was very interesting.  Saleem has the greatest gift of all he's the only one who can brings all child together. 

Parvati has a magical power. Saleem is in Pakistan he can to pass that without passport or permit returned in Parvati's basket of invisibility to India. So there are many magical seen was very interesting.This magical since awoke our aesthetic feeling. And we also feel pity for Saleem and shiva that how Mary changed two child  one rich become poor and poor became rich.  

The movie adaptation of the Novel Midnight’s Children is vary interesting. In two hours the hole story waz included in the movie. 

Thank you........

Citation :

Barad, D. (1970, January 1). Structuralism and Literary Criticism: Gerard Genette. https://blog.dilipbarad.com/2015/03/structuralism-and-literary-criticism.html?m=1#:~:text=Structuralist%20criticism%20aims%20at%20forming,in%20the%20field%20of%20narrative.

Golden, A. (n.d.). Salman Rushdie's novels on film. Our Blog. https://blog.bookstellyouwhy.com/salman-rushdies-novels-on-film.