Thinking Activity: Themes of the poem ''Piano and Drum''

 Hello Readers!

Welcome to my blog. I have written about the thematic study of the poem ''Piano and Drum''. We have group task about the wrote theme of the three or five poem. This task assigned to Yesha Ma'am. 

''Piano and Drum''

Gabriel Okara, the writer of "Piano and Drum" was born in Bayelsa state, Nigeria in 1921. A novelist and a poet; he was once a civil servant. His poem "Piano and Drums" was well beautified with imagery and symbolism.

The themes of the poem can be divided into three: (1) Childhood reminiscence and its effect (2) Complexity of the present and future (3) Dilemma.

THEMES OF THE POEM, PIANO AND THE DRUMS 

1. Nature

In stanza one, the way the poetic persona expresses the details of the jungle drum depicts his appreciation of the normal natural environment of things.  

2. Childhood Reminiscence and its Effect 

Since the poem is about the poet's experience with two different cultures or lifestyles, the poet used the experience of his village background to depict African culture which he grew up with, while comparing it to his present civilized way of living. The poem speaker was reminded of his/her "primal youth and the beginning" through the quietness of the early to morning river and the echoing forest. While at the riverside, the poem speaker could "hear jungle drums telegraphing/the mystic rhythm..." (Line 2 & 3) and other things like panther, leopard, hunters crouching with poised spears, etc added to his/her memory.

The poem speaker revealed in stanza 2, the effect such reminiscence brought to his/her memory of sitting "in my mother's lap a suckling", "walking simple paths with no innovations", and groping in green leaves with wild flowers in naked hurrying feet. 

3. The Theme of Culture / Conflict 

Culture in Piano and Drums by Gabriel Okara In the poem “Piano and Drums” the poet Gabriel Okara depicts and contrasts two different cultures through symbolism of pianos and drums. The Poem is divided into four stanzas. The first two stanzas represent the “drum” culture and the second two stanzas show the “piano” culture. The description of the drums is in two stanzas, but is one sentence long. The first line of the first stanza: ‘When at break of day at a riverside’ Uses trochees to emphasize the deliberate broken rhythm. The stanza has savage words, “bleeding flesh,” “urgent raw,” “leopard snarling,” “spears poised,” to show that this is a primitive culture, one which has dependency on the environment, as is represented by the “hunters crouch with spears poised.” The environment in this culture is physically dangerous, surrounded by wild animals. Drums here are a way of communication, and “jungle drums telegraphing the mystic rhythm, urgent, raw…” shows the way of life in this culture. This is life which is simple, near the beginnings of man. The stanza ... ... middle of paper ... ...with one another, with Drums illustrating primitive behaviour, and a savage, dangerous culture. The connotations of the piano are complex and technical. The piano uses significantly different word sounds, showing that it is learnt, westernized and intricate compared to the drums which is instinctive and naturally acquired, and simple. The poem uses no set rhyme pattern which suits the poem as it has an undecided effect, emphasizing the confusion of the persona over his future. The Themes in Piano and Drums 

4. The Theme of Innocence 

The theme of innocence in the poem is explored in the poem is explored in the depiction of african culture, from the very first line of the poem where we are told that the events take place "at break of day", the idea of innocence is already implied. This is because the day is fresh and uncontaminated by other activities or sounds. The sound heard from the jungle drums are therefore pure and not corrupt, the poem also invokes the idea of innocence. The Themes in Piano and Drums 

5. Dilemma 

The poem speaker concluded that he found himself/herself in dilemma "wandering in the mystic rhythm/of jungle drums and the concerto."(line 28 & 29) because he didn't know which culture to totally embrace. He preferred the simple rural life but it was also impossible to let go of the civilisation he had got unto despite it was complex and confusing.

6. No place like home 

Although, this theme cannot be identified on a surface level in the poem, but, when the poetic persona laments over the confusion that emanates from the contact of the two instruments: piano and drum (African lifestyle and western lifestyle), he shows how comfortable one can be at home with the things and way of life that he is familiar with. There was no confuse when it was all African and their drums until civilization came.

7. Living a Double Standard Lifestyle

 By emphasizing the confusion that comes out from the marriage of the piano and drum sounds, the poetic persona tells us that living two contracting lives can only breed confusion and complexities.

8.Acculturation

The notion of acculturation is brought into the poem with the contact of the piano and the drums. Acculturation is when two distinct cultures meet and start to adopt and absorb each other’s norms. 

9.Complexity of the present and future

How complex, unstable and confusing the present and the upcoming future look were portrayed in the stanza 3 of the poem "Piano and Drums". As said before, Okara preferred his past life to the present that was why he symbolized his rural life with drum, a musical instrument which very easy to learn and operate while he symbolized his civilized modern lifestyle with piano and describe it as complex.

The poem speaker heard "a wailing piano" which symbolised a painful sound which "solo speaking of complex ways" (the confusing present and the unknown future) and such painful sound brought a silent cry which the poem referred to as "in tear-furrowed concerto". In spite of the pain, the poem speaker got "lost in the labyrinth of it complexities" which symbolised the confusing complexity of the future through rough(coaxing) mild(diminuendo) opposite-change(counterpoint) and tough(crescendo).

Citation 

• Tayor. “Piano and Drums Analysis, Themes, Setting, Summary, Symbolism, Subject Matter.” Piano And Drums Analysis, Themes, Setting, Summary, Symbolism, Subject Matter, 20 June 2021, https://www.emmanuel366.com/2021/06/piano-and-drums-analysis-subject-matter.html

• “Themes of Piano and Drums by Gabriel Okara.” Themes of Piano and Drums by Gabriel Okara ~, https://www.naijapoets.com.ng/2015/06/themes-of-piano-and-drums-by-gabriel.html

Feminism In Kamala Das's poem

 

Title :- Feminism In Kamala Das's poem

Abstract 

Kamala Das is regarded as a one of the remarkable Indo-Anglian women. She established herself as the forerunners of the feminist writers in India.  Her feminine sensibility is the motivating and governing force behind her poems. The idea of Feminism in her writing is derived from the Indian patriarchal society.  We can say that she is very frank and talks about her woman's body and female body. She talks about womanliness and how females are subjugated in society. The paper focuses on Das's complex emotion regarding the system controlling her life and the lives of countless suffering women. The paper  about the women who have pased through a period of frustration, depression, pain and torture. Her poetry strongly expresses feminine sensitivity. 

Keywords:-

Feminism, Gender Issues, Identity, Woomanhood, Women  and Man.

Introduction:-

Kamala Das was a major Indian English poet and literature and at the same time a leading Malayalam author from Kerala, India.  She is known as a Kamala Madhavikutty.Her open and honest treatment of female sexuality, free from any sense of guilt, infused her writing with power, but also marked her as an iconoclast in her generation. On 31 May 2009, aged 75, she died at a hospital in Pune, but has earned considerable respect in recent years. 

Feminism is belief in and advocacy of the  political, economic, and social equality of the sexes expressed especially through organized activity on behalf of women’s rights and interests. Mostly people thinks that the Feminism against man but feminism is not agaist man or but Feminism is about that man and women should have equal rights and opportunities. 

Feminism in Kamala Das's poem 

In the conversation between P.P.Raveendran and Kamala Das we can find some interesting questions asked by Raveendran and good answers given by Kamala Das.

P.P. Raveendran : In spite of the feminist concerns that can be read off or read into your stories and poems many of your statements are quite critical of feminism.

Kamala  Das : I'll tell you something, Feminism as the westerns see it is different from the feminism I sense within myself. Western feminism is an anti-male stance. I can never hate the male because I have loved my husband and I still love my children, who are sons. And I think from masculine company I have derived a lot of happiness. So I will never be able to hate them. Most of the feminists I met outside the country were lesbians-out and out lesbians. I do not think I'm lesbian. I tried to find out.  I experiment with everything.  I tried to find out our if I were a lesbian, if I could respond to a woman. I failed.  I must speak the truth. I believe that we must abandon a thing if it has no moral foundation whether it be a belief, a political system or a religious system. 

Feminism in poem 'An  Introduction'

Kamala Das's poetry, like the poetry of Shiv K. Kumar, begins in pain and anguish caused by her loss of freedom to live her life, the way she liked. Her best known poem, "An Introduction" sets the tone of her poetry and reveals her mind.

I was a child, and later they Told me I grew, for I became tall, my limbs Swelled and one or two places sprouted hair. When I asked for love, not knowing what else to ask For, he drew a youth of sixteen into the Bedroom and closed the door. He did not beat me

But my sad woman-body felt so beaten.

The weight of my breasts and womb crushed me.

I shrank Pitifully.

The above quoted lines suggest the pain and anguish that crushed the poet. This line of An Introduction is interesting as she is placing her own body in one of the categories she rebelled against in the first stanza. It is due to this simplification of a woman as nothing more than a body that led her to marriage at sixteen. She also places blame on her own body for leading her to this place. Her distinctly female parts, “breasts and womb” are a crushing weight on her life. The pressure placed on her by her husband and by her family led to an emotional and mental shrinking. It was a “Pitiful” process. But it ended.

 In our society we can see that man wants the wife who is under him, who blindly follows him and whatever happens she doesn't speak against him, whatever happens she accepts it and doesn't raise her voice to fight against wrong things. Man thinks that they are superior. In married life men have the right to hit women but women speak against wrong things. Then she was hit by her husband and other women also told that She is not a good wife and many things they told her. So in our patriarchal society women were suffering a lot. 

Women Identity 

Kamala Das hates traditional sex roles assigned to women by the patriarchy. In the poem “Introduction” 

Then I wore a shirt and a black sarong, cut my hair short and ignored all of this womanliness.

Dress in sarees, be girl

Be a wife, they said. Be embroiderer, be cook,

Be a quarreller with servants. Fit in. Oh,

Belong, cried the categorizers. Don't sit

On walls or peep in through our lace-draped windows.

Be Amy, or be Kamala. Or, better

Still, be Madhavikutty.

In the poem 'An Introduction' it becomes clear that the speaker is truly meant to be the poet herself. She wonders at her own identity.  Here in this line the speaker talked about women's identity, that women have to wear a saree and behave like a girl or a wife. They don't sit on the walls and they have to cook in the kitchen. But they don't be  like men. 

In the words of K. Satchidanandan, “The woman can not change her body; so the poet changes her dress and tries to imitate men. But the voices of the tradition would force her back into sarees, the saree becoming here a sign of convention. She is pushed back into her expected gender roles: wife, cook, embroiderer, quarreling with servants: the gender role also becomes a class role” (13).

Conversation between P.P.Raveendran and Kamala Das Raveendran asked interesting questions related to her identity. 

P.P.Raveendran : Let me relate this interesting discovery to another question concerning identity. This is about the two names "Kamala Das" and "Madhavikutty" that you used for your English and Malayalam writings respectively. Again there are fellow-bilingual writers like Isak Dinesen and Fernando Pessoa who adopt similar ploys to keep their language identities separate. How would you respond to this?

Kamala Das : I think I was compelled to choose a name because I didn't want to embarrass my conservative family. I knew that I was a misfit within my family. I think I practised writing as people practice a secret vice. Like boys going to the bathroom to smoke. Especially, I didn't want to hurt my grandmother who was my favourite human being. And I don't think she knew that I was Madhavikutty till she died.

Patriarchal Society 

'An Introduction' by Kamala Das womanthe poet's own mental and emotional state as she aged and pushed back against patriarchal society.Kamala Das's love poems are rooted in her defiance of the patriarchal tradition of our country and especially against male dominance. Her frankness in expressing the desire of a woman to fulfill her love makes her a feminist in the western sense of the word. 

The influence of patriarchy is found in all 

Shiv K. Kumar, the well known poet and critic, makes an apt observation in the following lines:

It seems that the past two decades or so have witnessed an unprecedented upsurge of longing for freedom in our women's outlook. They have not only claimed parity with men but have vehemently questioned certain age old social practises and prejudices. This is the predominant theme in Kamala Das's poetry which exposes male chauvinism, its persistent endeavour to play the role of the 'stronger' sex. No wonder, the contemporary woman writer is never tired of articulating her disgust for the insensitive, aggressive male. If there is, therefore, a recurring element of sex in her work, it is more to expose it as form I male dominance than to glorify it. All that Kamala Das is trying to do is to salvage the Indian woman from the sexual exploitation of man, her husband or lover. In one of her early poems, titled "The Freaks'', she portrays her lover as only someone who arouses 'the skin's lazy hungers'.

Conclusion 

Kamladas remarkable feminist poet. Her poems are most readable because she reveals her feelings of anxiety, alienation, meaninglessness, futility, acute sense of isolation, fragmentation and loss of identity. Women live in male dominated society where their individuality, identity and freedom are in question. We can see that women are constantly denied love and passionate satisfaction in their married life. It just fills a woman's life with dissatisfaction and embarrassments. Kamala Das's poetry is about women. She reflects on how women are suffering in male dominance society. 

Reference 

“An Introduction by Kamala Das - An Introduction Poem.” PoemHunter.com, 28 Mar. 2012.

Dr. K. V. Dominic. (2016, January 19). Kamala Das (madhavikutty) kamala suraiyya. Kamala Das (Madhavikkutty) Kamala Suraiyya. Retrieved December 24, 2021.

Kumar, N. Prasantha. Writing the Female: A Study of Kamala Das. Kochi: Bharatiya Sahitya Pratishthan,2018. Print.

Raveendran, P. P., and Kamala Das. “P.P. Raveendran in Conversation with Kamala Das.” Indian Literature, vol. 53, no. 3 (251), Sahitya Akademi, 2009, pp. 64–75.

Thinking Activity Revolution Twenty20

 

Hello Readers!

Welcome to my blog. I have written about the Task on Revolution Twenty20 by Chetan Bhagat this task assigned to Dr  Dilip Barad. Click here to know more about this task.

Chetan Bhagat

Chetan Bhagat, rising star in the contemporary modern Indian literature, is a multitalented personality. He is a novelist, columnist, public speaker and a screenplay writer. His notable works include Five Point Someone, The 3 Mistakes of My Life and 2 States.Most of his literary works address the issues related to Indian youth and their aspirations which earned Baghat status of the youth icon.

Revolution Twenty20 

Revolution 2020 is a gripping and fast paced novel about love, corruption and ambition. The story delves into the underbelly of a small town, Varanasi, and explores the various hues in the characters of the protagonists in it. Bhagat unearths the darker side of the education system, and for that matter, love too.

In the small and historic town of Varanasi in India, two boys Raghav and Gopal fall in love with the same girl, Aarti. Both of them are intelligent, ambitious and are the best of friends, but destiny has something else in store for them. One of them wants to use his intelligence to make a lot of money and the other wants to create a revolution; but again, their plans are disrupted by their love.

Gopal hails from a poor family and fails to get an admission to the best engineering colleges in the country. Heartbroken, he moves to Kota for a year to prepare for the exams. Raghav comes from a well-to-do family and achieves a good rank in JEE. Delighted, he joins IIT-BHU, one of the premier institutes of India, and embarks on his ambition to become a journalist. Aarti hails from a powerful bureaucratic family, and her aim is to become an airhostess. Aarti falls in love with Raghav while Gopal is at Kota.

The story starts when Gopal rises as the director of a new engineering college opened in Varanasi, with the power of MLA Shukla, a corrupt politician. He uses the legally strangled land of his uncle to manipulate and build the college. Raghav, on the other hand, completes his engineering and joins the largest selling newspaper Dainik as an intern. He starts shedding light on all the wrongdoings of Shukla and exposes him in public.

Things take a different turn when Aarti starts developing a soft corner for Gopal.

Who will win her love towards the end?

Will Raghav’s crusade against the corrupt system fail?

Revolution 2020 is a gripping story of love, the corrupt educational system and clashing ambitions.

Questions - Answer 

Q : 1   If you were to adapt this novel for the screen, what sort of changes you would make in the story and characters to make it better than the novel?

Ans: 

If I'm adapted The novel 'Revolution Twenty20 for the screen paly I would like to change Story and character of Gopal, Raghav and Arti. When we read The tile of the novel 'Revolution Twenty20' we can assume that the novel is about the Revolution but when we read the novel we can find that the novel about Love mora than Revolution. So I would like change here that Revolution depicted more than love. 

In the Novel we can see the two main male characters Raghav and Gopal. Gopal who wanted to use his intelligence to make money and second character is Raghav who wanted to use his intelligence to start a revolution. In tbis novel Raghav presents as a week character. But in my adaptation I will make a strong character of Raghav who fight for Revolution. Why I make strong character of Raghav not Gopal because Raghav is intelligent as well as he was educated more than gopal. So I make Raghav's character more bright in the novel. 

In the novel  Character of Arti presented as a week character. She is not sure about her love. She love Raghav aftre that Gopal and the end of the novel she married with Raghav. So she is not sure her life. In my adaptation of novel I will make very strong character of Arti who sure about her life. She love Raghav and she helps him for Revolution. 

Q : 2 'For a feminist reader, Aarti is a sheer disappointing character.' Do you agree with this statement? If yes, what sort of characteristics you would like to see in Aarti. If you disagree with this statement, why? What is it in Aarti that you are satisfied with this character?

'For a feminist reader, Aarti is a sheer disappointing character'. I agree with this statement. In novel of 'Revolution Twenty20' character of Aarti presented as a week or sheer disappointing character. Aarti doesn't sure about her life that what she wants in her life. Fisrt she attracted toward Raghav because Raghav was clear exam and got a good rank. Gopal was week compared to Raghav. But after that Gopal became more successful compared to Raghav than she attracted toward Gopal and make relation with him. When she real see  Gopal with two Girls than she rejected him. At the end of the novel she married with Raghav so here we can see that she is  disappointing character. 

I would like to see Aarti as a strong character in novel. Who love Raghav and help him in the Revolution.  She against corruption. 

Q: 3 For a true revolutionist, the novel is terribly disappointing.' Do you agree? If yes, what sort of changes would you make in character or situation to make it a perfect revolutionary novel? If you disagree, what is in the novel that you are satisfied with?

Yes, I strongly  agree with the statement that for a tru revolutionist, the novel is terribly disappointing. When we  see the title page of the book of Revolution Twenty20 we realize that the novel is about the revolution. But when we read the novel we can say that the novel more focus on love rather than revolution.

I make change in the novel that the novel more focus on Revolution rather than love. The end of the novel we can see that the marriage of Raghav and Aarti. But I change that the end is Aftre marriage Raghav engaged in politics and he removed corruption and make a good country. 

Citation 

“Book Summary of Revolution 2020.” Awadhplaza, 18 Aug. 2012, https://awadhplaza.wordpress.com/2012/08/18/book-summary-of-revolution-2020/. 

“Chetan Bhagat.” Chetan Bhagat | Biography, Books and Facts, https://www.famousauthors.org/chetan-bhagat. 

Neo- Colonialism in the novel 'Petals of Blood'

 

Hello Readers!

Welcome to my blog. I have written about Neo-Colonialism in the novel 'Petals of Blood'. This task assigned to Yesha ma'am. 

Ngugi Thiong'o

Ngugi wa Thiong’o, original name James Thiong’o Ngugi, (born January 5, 1938, Limuru, Kenya), Kenyan writer who was considered East Africa’s leading novelist. His popular Weep Not, Child (1964) was the first major novel in English by an East African. As he became sensitized to the effects of colonialism in Africa, Ngugi adopted his traditional name and wrote in the Bantu language of Kenya’s Kikuyu people.

Petals of Blood

Petals of Blood is a 1977 novel by  Ngugi wa Thiong'o set in post-independence Kenya; its title derives from a line in Derek Walcott’s poem, “The Swamp.” The story centers on four characters whose lives are drastically changed as a result of the rebellion, as they learn how to adapt and survive in a rapidly Westernizing environment.

In 1969, Ngugi told an interviewer that the ideal African novel would

 "embrace the pre-colonial past[,] . . . the colonial past, and the post-independence period with a pointer to the future,” 

and critics see Petals as the encapsulation of such an ideal. Ngugi worked on the novel for five years, finishing it in 1975 at the Soviet Writers Union in Yalta.

Neo- Colonialism in Petals of Blood

The perceptions of Ngugi Wa Thiong’o concerning the reflection and impacts of colonialism from the viewpoints of the colonial languages and the local elites constitute the main substance of his theoretical and literary works. While aiming to arouse the colonized peoples’ awareness of the prospective risks of acquiring the colonial languages and theemergence of the local elites working in harmony with the white colonizers after formal colonization ends, Thiong’o attempts to be an inspirational source of regaining anti-colonialist national culture and system for his society.

Thiong’oPetals of Blood might be handled through the same emphasis placed by Thiong'o on the potency of the colonial languages as regards putting out new alienated identities and minds. To illustrate, when imparting the school memories in the past, Karega complains of the fact the Western literature and English language are taught at school in place of their national historical achievements and literature by turning attention to the black headmaster’s reprimand of the teachers concerning the insufficient education of English: “Teach them good idiomatic English” (Petals 173), which points out his adoption of the significance of English and his anxiety to impose it on the colonized students. Karega continues to narrate  the approach of the headmaster to Shakespeare whom he speaks in praise of since he attributes significance and perfection to this poet as is disclosed in the novel: “He read a passage from Shakespeare … ‘Those words are words of a great writer – greater even than Maillu and Hadley Chase.’ … whoever heard of African, Chinese and Greek mathematics and science?” (Petals 172). This specifies the belief that the Eastern nations have not been able to make any contributions to the scientific world whereas the Western science and literature as more estimable and praiseworthy subjects have to be instructed at each school in Africa. Karega reveals his discomfort caused by the subjects and fields of study at their school that are inculcated into them in order to make the Western figures and historical events absorbed well when he mentions it: “Chaucer, Shakespeare,Napoleon,Livingstone, Western conquerors, Western inventors and discoverers were drummed into our heads with even greater fury. Where, we asked, was the African dream?” (Petals 173). In preference to the indigenous subjects and fields of the African studies, the English language and other branches of Eurocentric studies are always chosen to enlighten the fresh and blank minds of the native students. As regards the intense effect of language on imposing a worldview on its users, Fanon argues: “To speak a language is take on a world, a culture. The Antilles Negro who wants to be white will be the whiter as he gains greater mastery of the cultural tool that language is” (Black Skin 25). 

Therefore, the educational system with English and the Western subjects carry the means of removing the African culture and civilization from the native students’ brains and cramming them with the so-called supreme European thinking. With the colonial languages and Western studies taught at native schools, a new phase of colonialism which does not take in any violent and bloody actions forming the first phase emerges. Being aware of the possibility that the ex-colonized nations might enter the protests and nationalist struggles against the colonial system, the Western powers have endeavored to set up formidable barriers between the native peoples and these peoples’ civilization or indigenous culture with the help of the colonial languages and education that have enabled them to make the native peoples forget their local values and to make them overcome by an inferiority complex as well as deviated by the desire to mimic the European models.

Citation 

Thiong'o's Criticism of Neocolonial Tendencies: Petals of ... https://www.researchgate.net/publication/342199989_Thiong'o's_Criticism_of_Neocolonial_Tendencies_Petals_of_Blood_and_Weep_Not_Child.