Assignment
Name :
Pina Gondaliya
Sem :
1
Roll No :
25
Enrollment No :
2069108420200012
Paper No :
3 Literary
Criticism and Theory
Submitted To :
Department of
English
MKB university
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Samuel Taylor
Coleridge :
Samuel Coleridge was Pre-Victorian Author. He was born in
Devonshire. He was youngest of 14 children. His father was the parish
vicar, died in1781 just before Coleridge’s ninth birthday. He was
an English poet, literary critic, philosopher and theologigian. He
became close friend to William Wordsworth and his sister Dorothy, who
moved to Alfoxden in 1797 to be near the Coleriges at Nether Stowey,
and the two poets planned Lyrical Ballads, which appeared in 1798.
Coleridge best known poems are “The Rime of the Ancient Mariner”
and Kubla Khan”, the latter of which was reportedly written under
the influence of opium.
Poetry is a form of literature based on words and rhythm. It often
employs rhyme and meter. In poetry, words are strung together to form
sounds, image, and ideas that might be too complex or abstract to
describe directly. Poetry wriiten acy do not cording to srict rules
of rhyme and rules and each culture had its own rules. Ancient poet
follows this rules but todays,modern poets frequentl do away with
with rules altogether their poems generallryyme, and do not fit any
particular meter. Poetry is probably the oldest of literature, and
probably predates the origin of writin itself. Poetry can be written
with all the same purooses as other form of literature like a beauty,
humor, storytelling, political messges etc.......
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Coleridge views
on poetry :
Coleridge says that the poetry is a wider than
poem, it brings the whole soul of the man. Poetry of the highest kind
may exist without meter and even without the contra-distinguishing
object of a poem. Poetry is a art of
creating a poem activity of poets mind.
Poetry, according to Coleridge, is the product
of imagination working on the objects of life and nature. It is an
activity of imagination, idealizing the real and realising the ideal.
As colours are to the art of painting,
words are to the art of writing poetry. Again, as the combination of
colors decide the
pattern and quality of painting, so the arrangement of words
aesthetically expressing the emotions and thoughts of the power
decide the pattern an quality of poetry. But words arranged in the
pattern of rhyme alone would not make poetry. The following lines,
for example, have rhyming ending, but they do not make poetry:
"Thirty days hath September,
April, June and November."
The real soul of poetry lies in its power of
expressing and arousing emotions. However, rhyme and rhythm add to
the charm and pleasure of poetry. He says, "As a particular
pleasure is found in anticipating the recurrence of sounds and
quantities, all compositions that have this charm super-added,
whatever be their contents, may be entitled poems. But mere meter
and rhyme, without imagination and emotion for their bases would not
make poetry. But
it should be remembered that pleasure, and not truth is the immediate
end of poetry. He does not believe that moral preaching is the
ultimate end of poetry. It is true that metrical form of composition
has more charm and pleasure. But they are merely apparel, and not the
soul of poetry.
Coleridge
points out that ,
“Poetry of highest kind may exists without meter and even
without the contradistinction object of a poem”. He gives example
of the writings of Plato,Taylor and bible.
Poetry
for Coleridge
is
an activity of poet is mind importance of secondary imagination.
David Daiches points out, ‘poetry’ for Coleridge is a wider
category than a “poem”; that is, poetry is
a kind of activity
which can be engaged in by painters or philosopher or scientist and
is not confident to those who employ metrical language , or even to
those who employ language of any kind. Poetry, in this larger sense,
brings, ‘The whole soul of man; into activity, with each faculty
playing its proper part according to its ‘relative worth and
dignity’.
Poem is one of the form of literature. A poem is collection of
spoken or written words that expresses ideas or emotions in a
powerfully vivid and imaginative style. A poem compose on sone
particular rhythmic and metrical pattern. Writers or poets expreess
their emotions through their poem. The form of poem divided in to
various kind. Like a free verse, Epic, Ballad, Sonnet and Elegy.
Poem is form of poetry. Poem is a writing which has melody, meter
and rhyme, while poetry without any meter and rhyme, can directly be
connected with heart of poet or reader.
Defination of poem according to Colridge,
“A Poem is that species of composition which is opposed to works
of science, by proposing for its immediate object pleasure, not
truth”.
Poem is a nature function as Colridge explaining his idea and view
towards by rhyme and that took place as golden shield. A poem,
therfore, may be defined as, that species of composition, which is
opposed to works of science, by proposing for its immediated by
proposing to itself such delight from the whole, as is compatible
with a distinct gratification from each component part.
Thus,
according to Coleridge, the poem is distinguished form prose
compositions by its immediate object. The immediate object of prose
is to give truth and that of poem is to please. He again
distinguishes those prose compositions (romance and novels) from poem
whose object is similar to poem i.e. to please. He calls this poem a
legitimate poem and defines it as, “it must be one, the parts of
which mutually support and explain each other; all in their
proportion harmonizing with, and supporting the purpose and known
influences of metrical arrangement”. Therefore, the legitimate poem
is a composition in which the rhyme and the metre bear an organic
relation to the total work. While reading this sort of poem “the
reader should be carried forward, not merely or chiefly by the
mechanical impulse of curiosity or by a res. The
poem contains the same elements as a prose composition. But the
difference is between the combination of those elements and objects
aimed at in both the composition.
“
In Imaginative power and
Narrative Skills, Coleridge surpassed Wordsworth”
According to the difference of the object will be the difference
of the combination.If the object of the poet may simply be to
facilitate the memory to recollect (remember) certain facts, he would
make use of certain artificial arrangement of words with the help of
metre. As a result composition will be a poem, merely because it is
distinguished from composition in prose by metre, or by rhyme.
Rhyme:
Most traditional poems use rhyme as a basic device for holding the
poem together. Rhyme is the agreement in sound between words or
syllables. The best way to think of rhyme is not as a series of lock
stepping sound effects but as a system of echoes. Poets use rhyme to
recall earlier words, to emphasize certain points, and to make their
language memorable. In fact, rhymes can be extremely effective in
making language take hold in a reader’s mind tless desire to arrive
at the final solution; but by the pleasurable activity of mind
excited by the attractions of the journey itself”. Here Coleridge
asserts the importance of the impression created by the harmonious
whole of the poem. To him, not one or other part but the entire
effect, the journey of reading poem should be pleasurable. Thus
Coleridge puts an end to the age old controversy whether the end of
poem is instruction or delight. Its aim is definitely to give
pleasure, and further poem has its own distinctive pleasure, pleasure
arising from the parts, and this pleasure of the parts supports and
increases the pleasure of the wholel.
Poem is something which written by the use of meter, rhyme,
diction etc, and prose is something which written unrhyme. Meter and
rhyme etc are use in prose.
The immediate object of poem is ‘Pleasure’, not truth but
sometimes poem may be gave truth as ultimate object.
The proe work like scientific and historical composition, the
immediate purpose of prose is the communication of “Truth”. Other
prose works like novels, to give pleasure is immediate aim and the
ultimate end may be to give truth.
Coleridge’s views of poem and prose and he says that ;
“I wish our cleaver young poets would remember my homely
definition of prose and poem; that is ,
“prose- words in their best order;
poem- the best words in the best order.”
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1phy7XakQq661GgSbK_9bsi-PDn3r-aW3DFXZTxWpVJE/mobilebasic
